Wikipedia :: Persuasive, Valid or Unreliable Source

A Wikipedia is an information source for many students (Coughlan, 2011), used for research on almost every subject. Some people call it â€Å"frequently unreliable† while others name it to be the epitome of the information age (Andrews 2007) yet the truth is that, whether students and teachers, like to admit it or not, Wikipedia is a vast source of knowledge, with readability second to none (Coughlan, 2011). However because of its wide usage and the fact that it is a wiki, it can be edited by anyone, schools are often reluctant to accept it as a valid source of information for essays or school work and some take it to the extreme; â€Å"14% of schools block Wikipedia† (Fleming 2011). The biggest problems with validating said source is the fact that its reliability is questioned, as there is no one single entity responsible for and accountable for the information, as opposed to a peer-reviewed journal. This â€Å"lack of authority†, according to a group of academi cs, and â€Å"different agendas† allow the general public to alter information (Waldman2004) that validates itself through the information loop. This information loop consist of the following â€Å"A Wikipedia article contains information A. A journalist then uses this unverified information in an article. A critical reader then adds a "{{Citation needed}}" on the original information after which someone adds the article as a source. (Wikipedia, date unknown) Another problem that Wikipedia faces is the fact that if mistakes are not caught on the day they were made, they are likely to go unnoticed. On the other hand, Wikipedia differentiates itself from other encyclopaedias in that most articles are longer and contain more information both technically and historically speaking. (Wetzel 2008) Furthermore, most articles contain links or citation that link to articles or proof of almost every statement made. The problem that arises is then, that blocking Wikipedia denies students from valid, thorough information yet shields them from its inherent unreliability (Fleming, 2011) B Fig1. Standard Wikipedia article As fig.1 shows, pages in Wikipedia include a search bar, links to some useful links (such as random articles, current events and donate). To the right, depending on the article, it will show links to other information relating to the current article, this appears if the article is part of a bigger series such as the I.B or Nazism. Articles will also include the â€Å"edit this page† button and many footnotes that provide evidence or citation for phrases or quotes.

Critical Review of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 1932-1940 by William E. Leuchtenburg.

Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 1932-1940. by William E. Leuchtenburg. Harper & Row, 1963. The Great Depression created a political landscape in the United States that demanded bold action, calling forth people ready and willing to challenge the conventional establishment and allowing them to thrive. Franklin Delano Roosevelt is the prime example of how adversity creates a forging ground were dynamic individuals shape history. In his book Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal Leuchtenburg meticulously describes how Roosevelt changed American during his first two terms and cast some light on why he was the one to succeed in holding the great responsibility of steering the country through the depression without blind praise or unjustified criticism. The author, William E. Leuchtenburg, was born in the early 1920s, therefore was old enough to remember the atmosphere in which the New Deal was happening, though not from the standpoint of an adult, giving him the edge of knowing the actual feel of the era over a younger historian. This may also account for his admiration of Roosevelt, as he often expresses in his book Roosevelt was widely popular amongst a majority of Americans at the time. He has written several books mainly centered around Roosevelt and became a distinguished professor of history at the University of North Carolina. He has also served as President of the American Historical Association. There is no doubt that he is very qualified to write a book on the subject of Roosevelt and even though he obviously is a great admirer of the President, he never shies away from pointing out Roosevelt’s flaws. Leuchtenburg begins by setting the stage that brought Roosevelt into power by describing the Great Depression and how the Hoover administration handled it, not completely negatively stating â€Å"no president ever worked harder in the White House than Herbert Hoover. † Here he first describes Roosevelt with a brief history and leads into how he became President, describing his energy and charisma as key factors. It becomes evident that Leuchtenburg painstakingly presents rounded historical facts to eliminate the chances of a biased presentation and continues to do so through out the book, often leaving a quarter of a page of footnotes. The third chapter is were Roosevelt’s presidency begins. Leuchtenburg describes â€Å"The Hundred Days† were the new president rushed to try to turn the country around with a flood of new legislation and bold acquisition of executive power. He does a good job at pointing out how some legislation, such as the emergency banking bill, passed with little opposition and how other legislation was shaped by opposition or, in the case of the NRA, was generated to curb legislation Roosevelt didn’t favor. Successes and failures are pointed out proportionally and the reasons behind the fate of much of the Roosevelt administrations actions is often speculated on in a well informed and unbiased manner. After much about legislation and policy Leuchtenburg moves to describing those who would challenge Roosevelt and how they shaped Roosevelt’s policies. The introduction of new conflicts here seemed to add a renewed sense of urgency to the book which, along with the extravagance and extremist views of characters such as Hugh Long, managed to renew the pace of the reading. The book goes on to describe interest of lower classes such as laborers and migrant farmers and how Roosevelt was pulled more to the left for what is known as â€Å"The Second Hundred Days† and of course describes the process of securing reelection. Social Security is addressed in a surprisingly negative manner, â€Å"In many respects, the law was an astonishingly inept and conservative piece of legislation† he goes on explaining â€Å"by relying on regressive taxation and withdrawing vast sums to build up reserves, the act did untold economic mischief. † This provides both a prime example of his unbiased approach to the subject and his tendency to ensure no statement goes unexplained. This is broken up by a chapter on foreign policy and continued with Roosevelt’s struggles with the Supreme Court and an increasingly dissident congress before leading up to what would become World War 2 and concludes by outlining what Leuchtenburg believes to be the important points of the New Deal. To begin with, the book takes on a pretty heavy load, and does so in a thorough manner. This leads it into being pretty dense, it is definitely dense enough to through off anyone who is not a serious history student from reading it cover to cover. Leuchtenburg definitely did his best to get all he could into one book, which is a good thing from a research point of view, but makes it unwieldy for a casual reader. There are times I could have done with less information, thankfully I had notes on hand while reading to supplement the book or else I would have become lost in the barrage being tossed out at the thickest sections. This is amplified by the fact the book sometimes goes quite a few degrees of separation from its core subject, or could be more accurately titled â€Å"Roosevelt 1932-1940†. This is evident in chapter 9, which is centered more on the politics of foreign policy, and not just in ways that had a direct effect on New Deal policies. I feel if the book were trimmed down a little more it would make it a lot more accessible, thus justifying the narrower scope. In addition, this would provide more room to hammer in the more relevant subjects with brief overviews so readers such as myself without an in-depth prior knowledge of the New Deal could better understand its intricacies without going back between chapters after these breaks in subject. However, he does his best to make the book flow, especially by keeping it in chronological order for the most part. He mainly departs from this structure when he is explaining policies and events which are usually better explained grouped together, such as foreign policy. Assuming Leuchtenburg did not have a casual reading audience in mind when he wrote the book, its weightiness s not a major downfall. Also, Leuchtenburg does put forth a great deal of effort to provide balanced information. He says himself that â€Å"the New Deal left many problems un solved and even created some perplexing new ones. † It is common for him to follow up a list of success with a list of flaws, or vice-versa. I think he does such a good job at this because he keeps things in a historical perspective. For example, while it is easy to criticize Roosevelt’s initial shying away from government spending or break from the gold standard now, back when there was little precedent for these actions these must have seemed much more radical. This shows a thorough knowledge of the limitations of our government that extremist often ignore. By using an objective view his argument that Roosevelt was ultimately successful despite his downfalls is a thousand times more convincing than a biased pro-Roosevelt outlook would have been. On the other hand, this creates a calm, collected view through out the book which is not as invigorating as more sensational works and fails to incite as strong an emotional response . While not necessarily a negative as far as historical accuracy, it takes away from the books ability to provide enjoyment making it easier to put down. Overall, I believe Leuchtenburg did a good job at explaining such a large, intricate subject without it either reading like an unending encyclopedia of events or skeletal time line, he expresses his opinion in a unobtrusive fashion that maintains historical accuracy and balance and avoids sensationalism, and even though its not flashy it does its job. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal is a very informative book that provides a convincing argument that Roosevelt and the New Deal were a positive turning point in American history. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 1932-1940. by William E. Leuchtenburg. Harper & Row, 1963. (13) Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 1932-1940. by William E. Leuchtenburg. Harper & Row, 1963. (132) Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 1932-1940. by William E. Leuchtenburg. Harper & Row, 1963. (346)

Essay on Case Study Summary - 701 Words

Avid Radiopharmaceuticals Case Study Summary In November of 2008 Dan Skovronsky, founder and CEO of the biotech start-up Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, had a very important decision to make regarding the future of his company. One option was for Dan to run the trials for both AV-45 and AV-133, commit to the Easton real estate space, take on $7.5 million venture debt, and start raising money. This option could potentially allow for the company to experience rapid growth and capture a competitive advantage in molecular imaging for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The other alternative for Dr. Skovronsky was a â€Å"Hibernation† strategy where the company would take on no venture debt at all. Trials for AV-133 would pause; and only AV-45 would†¦show more content†¦In late 2005, Avid received funding from pharmaceutical heavyweights Eli Lilly and Pfizer of $8.9 million in Series B financing. Also, in 2007 Avid received $26 million of Series C financing in early 2007. By early 2008. Avid’s A-45 was showing great progress in late trials and also were beginning Phase I trials on a Parkinson’s compound (AV-133). This would allow Avid to be more than just a one-trick pony and be a viable candidate as a stand-alone company. Also, that summer investment banks started visiting Avid’s offices in Philadelphia hoping to lead the IPO, which was scheduled for late 2009, subject to market conditions. Bankers suggested that a $25 million D round in early 2009 might be priced at $200 million post-money, followed closely by an IPO. That, however, was before the destruction of more than 25% of the world’s wealth. With an aggressive growth plan in mind, Avid’s management team began to execute on its growth strategy in early 2008. Priorities were the next round f clinical trials with AV-133 and Av-45. A venture debt loan could support the company of necessary finances (Easton Technology Properties) as the company began fund-raising for a pre-IPO round. Dr. Skrovonskey worried about the timing of the Venture debt loans. He stated that by the time Avid actually needed the cash they would have already paid part of the loan back plus interest. However, Avid investors looked at the Venture debt loans as a cushion that would allow Avid time toShow MoreRelatedWirecutter Case Study Summary803 Words   |  4 PagesCase Studies That Prove Affiliate Marketing Is A Profitable Online Business {Amazon USA} Case Study 1: THEWIRECUTTER.COM CONTENT STRATEGY: The Wirecutters prosperity is clear once you read any of their audits. They do fun tests with items that are so great; they have a high shot of turning into a web sensation in each space. The Wirecutter has more than 11.4k alluding areas and is just about commanding Google for each best [product] look terms in the contraptions and electronic space. 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